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Collagen-dependent microstructure and physicochemical properties of newly formed bone around implant surfaces represent key determinants of implant biomechanics. This study investigated the effects of implant surface topography on collagen biosynthesis of adherent human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). hMSCs were grown for 0 to 42days on titanium disks (20.0×1.0mm) with smooth or rough surfaces. Cell...
In the last decade, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene, coding for a coreceptor in the canonical Wnt signalling pathway, has been shown to play an important role in regulating bone mass and to be involved in the pathogenesis of several bone disorders. Here we describe a patient who presented with a clinical picture of Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis type I (ADO I),...
The forkhead box C2 (Foxc2) protein, a member of the forkhead/winged helix transcription factor family, plays an important role in regulation of metabolism, arterial specification, and vascular sprouting. Foxc2-null mutants die prenatally or perinatally, and they exhibit hypoplasia of the vertebrae and insufficient chondrification or ossification of medial structures. However, the role of Foxc2 in...
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) consumption has been reported to improve bone health. However, sources of ω-3 PUFAs differ in the type of fatty acids and structural form. The study objective was to determine the effect of various ω-3 PUFAs sources on bone during growth. Young (age 28d) female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned (n=10/group) to a high fat 12% (wt) diet consisting...
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator that acts in paracrine systems via interaction with a subset of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). LPA promotes cell growth and differentiation, and has been shown to be implicated in a variety of developmental and pathophysiological processes. At least 6 LPA GPCRs have been identified to date: LPA 1 –LPA 6 . Several studies have suggested...
The objective of this study was to examine the influence of twin pregnancy on calcium metabolism, including bone turnover markers and calcium-regulating factors, by comparison between singleton pregnancy and twin pregnancy in women during pregnancy and puerperium in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.Women with singleton and twin pregnancies were recruited from the outpatient clinic of Tokushima...
Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1–34 treatment stimulates bone formation, but the molecular mechanisms mediating this effect have not been previously studied in humans. Thus, we used magnetic activated cell sorting to isolate hematopoietic lineage negative (lin-)/alkaline phosphatase positive (AP+) osteoprogenitor cells from bone marrow of 20 postmenopausal women treated with PTH (1–34) for...
The effects of an active vitamin D analog, eldecalcitol (ELD), on bone mineral density (BMD), bone geometry, and biomechanical properties of the proximal femur were investigated by using clinical CT. The subjects – a subgroup of a recent randomized, double-blind study comparing anti-fracture efficacy of ELD with alfacalcidol (ALF) – constituted 193 ambulatory patients with osteoporosis (189 postmenopausal...
To elucidate the histological events that follow administration of eldecalcitol, a second-generation of vitamin D analog currently awaiting approval as a drug for treatment of osteoporosis, we employed the ovariectomy (OVX) rat model. OVX rats received vehicle or 30ng/kg of eldecalcitol, and sham-operated animals received vehicle only. Rats were sacrificed after 12weeks and had their femora and tibiae...
To determine if important geographic differences exist in treatment rates for osteoporosis and whether this variation can be explained by regional variation in risk factors.The Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women is an observational study of women ≥55years sampled from primary care practices in 10 countries. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on patient characteristics,...
1) To investigate any evidence of bone mineral density (BMD) changes in children with Perinatal Brachial Plexus Palsy (PBPP). 2) To detect any relationship between these changes and the child age, weight, height, BMI, power index, gender, ethnicity, and the side affected. 3) To determine any possible effects of a designed weight bearing exercise program and the traditional one upon BMD of those children...
The serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) participates in regulating many important physiological processes such as control of cell cycle, growth, and division. On the other hand, Osterix is a zinc-finger-containing transcription factor that is essential for the differentiation of osteoblasts and regulation of many bone-related genes. Here we examined the effect of okadaic acid (OA), a specific...
Osteoporosis is a common complex disorder in postmenopausal women leading to changes in the micro-architecture of bone and increased risk of fracture. Members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) gene family regulates the development and physiology of bone through the Wnt/β-catenin (Wnt) pathway that in turn cross-talks with the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. In...
A novel approach to menopausal therapy is the tissue selective estrogen complex (TSEC) that partners bazedoxifene (BZA) with conjugated estrogens (CE). We examined the effects of daily treatment with BZA 0.3mg/kg, CE 2.5mg/kg, or combined BZA/CE (BZA 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0mg/kg with CE 2.5mg/kg) over 12months on bone mass, bone architecture and strength, and biochemical markers of bone turnover in ovariectomized...
The agreement between measurements and the relative performance reproducibility among different microcomputed tomography (microCT) systems, especially at voxel sizes close to the limit of the instruments, is not known. To compare this reproducibility 3D morphometric analyses of mouse cancellous bone from distal femoral epiphyses were performed using three different ex vivo microCT systems: GE eXplore...
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